Allocation Of An Enterprises Long Term Capital Resources Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2452 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? This assignment is about financial strategies and paying special attention to the allocation of an enterprises long-term capital resources. Financial and investment decisions play an important role in the development and future existence of the firm dynamics. Firstly, the goal of this project is to determine the initial aim of the firm by making capital investments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Allocation Of An Enterprises Long Term Capital Resources Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Moreover, another section of assignment includes the capital budgeting process which is a significant researching procedure so as to defined capital opportunities. Then, these capital proposals are assessed from specialists in the evaluation procedure by utilizing and implementing Discounted Cash Flow techniques. Lastly, are presented the general conclusions of this survey which proves the importance of current trends and conditions. INTRODUCTION According to Lenos Trigeorgis (1995) the resource allocation procedure defines the leading levers for a firms strategic impulsion and additional determines its long-term competitive situation. Investments consist of exploitation of resources which will not be utilized completely in current time but determines firms attainment in future in the financial market. Generally, capital investment called as the commitment of financial resources in order to fixed capital expenses in the expectation of returns that compensate for the investme nts risk and the delay in the utilizing of these financial resources.(Richard Dobbins and Richard Pike,2007). Decisions which demand the use of resources are projects. These projects are made by firms so as to broaden strategic decisions, which concern invasion in emerging areas of business, emerging markets, and holding other firms. (Aswath Damodaram). For this reason, senior managers should be responsible and well-educated so as to take vital decisions concerned with the suitable capital investments. Thus, these significant decisions are defined from capital budgeting results. In utilizing this detailed technique, projects can give essential information if the imminent capital investment will have positive or negative effects in corporate performance. ( Cheng F. Lee and Joseph E. Finnerty ,1990). Strategic decisions are vital vehicles of corporate programming and advanced management discussions that provides a correct orientation to a firm. The procedure of capital budget ing by which companies allocate resources among long-term assets, gives essential information about companys future development or general failure.(Van Son Lai and Lenos Trigeorgis). What is more, these strategic decisions come from the evaluation of cash flow methods. Many surveys have pointed out that most prevalent and widespread tools of evaluation are the Discounted Cash Flow methods mainly in large and medium companies.(Brealey and Myers, 1991). As well as, according to Aswath Damodaram the main investment theory governed from the following principles: Utilize cash flow rather than profits. Utilize incremental cash flow concerning to the investment decisions. In this case cash flows that happen as an effect of the decision, rather than overall cash flows. Utilize time weighted returns, worth cash flows that happen earlier than cash flows that happen later. THE AIM OF THE FIRM The financial target of the company is the maximization of shareholders richness. For this reason, the essential aim of investigation is to determine in which of the financial attributes of a company must focus on in order to maximizing the shareholders property. On account of the fact that firms development and profitability affected from many factors, each firm should take vital decisions concerning in the implementation of suitable investment strategy that follow so as to achieve the optimal result.( Richard Dobbins and Richard Pike,2007). This statement also confirmed by Levy and Sarnat that support the following theory financial decision-making involves purposeful behavior, which implies the existence of a goal, or what is much more likely, some combination of goals. In order to opt for among various investment methods and products it is essential to pose firms target. Furthermore, nowadays not only the maximization of gain is the unique enterprises target but also many targets are of the firms interest. Thus, for each enterprise some of these goals are mainly the increase of sales and manage to own a significant market share. Apart from this latest financial rule it is evident that many surveys have pointed out that managers attempt to carry out long -term investigations in order to earn profitability and stability rather than to succeed high levels in market worth. Moreover, important enterprises target is the survival. For this reason, managers should not accept projects which not put in risk the profitability and stability of enterprise. (Levy and Sarnat, 1978). What is more, the monitoring and planning of investment determines the companys survival and prosperity in the future. Incorrect movements which referred to wrong evaluation of new investment chances can cause inefficiently impacts on a corporate performance. For this reason, it is evident that this estimation of opportunities determines from capital budgeting process. It is a significant procedure which shows the suitable evaluation method. (Haim Levy and Marshal l Sarnat, 1994). THE CAPITAL BUDGETING PROCEDURE First of all, capital budgeting process is specified as the method of searching assets that are valued more than they cost. Many management executives attempt to commit limited financial recourses in order to succeed strategic important incentives and earn future advantages especially in the long-term of time. Furthermore, capital budgeting is a multidimensional corporate action which consists of seeking and determining new and effectively investment opportunities. Thus, in this process is made financial and economic analyses so as to define the most earning and least costly method to have an edge of an investment opportunity. This analysis is one section of capital budgeting procedure. (Richard Pike, 2007). Economic analysis defines investment as the interaction of the provision of capital and the torrent of investment chances. Additional it is observed that this theory point out that this incessant flow of investment chance s need evaluation so as to estimate all potential versions. In order to take advantage from these opportunities senior managers should react in time by doing targeted movements and thoroughly studied proposals. (Cheng F.Lee and Joseph E.Finnetry, 1990). Therefore, capitals budgeting except for determining investment opportunities categorize them according to some reasonable framework utilized in the firm, assembling required information and data such as calculation of cash flows and recognition of access risk. Additional, capital budgeting balancing each projects advantages and relationship to strategic incentives opposite its risk and limitations. Furthermore, this process estimating sensitiveness of different hypothesis and factors to various economic cases.(Van Son Lai and Lenos Trigeorgis, 1995). Generally, an essential capital budgeting project consists of the selection between leasing and purchasing. (Murdick et. al., 1980). Moreover, it is important to clarify that corp orate risk management is one of the crucial worries of managers when they implementing investment allocation decisions among various projects. For this reason, the most significant part of this analytical procedure is the financial evaluation which includes cash flow in projects and methods of risk estimation. (Xun Li and Zhenyu Wu, 2006). Taking everything into consideration, capital budgeting process plays the most important role in a companys long-term survival and viability. The capital budgeting procedure consists of: Recognition of possible projects. Forecast of potential outcomes. Selection of project. Financing and application of selected project and inspection project performance. It should also be added, that managers in order to select the suitable project except for the economic prevailing thoughts, the most vital factors which affect this selection are preference and individual opinions. (C.S Agnes Cheng , D.Kite, R. Radtke, 1993). Advanced methods such as Payback Period, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return provides useful information concerning the suitable decisions which could applied in order to achieve the optimum result. Additional, more techniques gives significant elements in risk-return such as portfolio theory and planning with mathematical approach. (Richard Pike). EVALUATION APPROACH IN INVESTMENT SUGGESTIONS PAYBACK PERIOD (PP) Concerning with, the payback period the investment chances with the least cost replacement are the most positive and most acceptable. Moreover, this method illustrate the period that initial expenditure must be recovered overall. But, by utilizing payback period technique is observed lags on account of the fact that PP not pay attention in the time value of money. Various fluctuations in economical environments and high interest rates also ignored by PP method, on account of the fact that are events which have impacts in final decisions. (Avi Rushinek, 2007). Additiona l, such extension of PP method does not make it a detailed factor which assists in the general goal of any firm, such as the defining of investment opportunities. (Avi Rushinek,2007). Also, another drawback of this method is that it not takes into account the cash flows which come up after the Payback Period. ( Cheng F. Lee and Joseph E. Finnerty,1990). Besides this, this method determined from the fact that in usage is simplier and can be understood more easily than other method. The worries concerning the recoverys costs are essential in a period when interest rates presenting increase and liquidity also presenting decline. (Avi Rushinek,2007). The PP is calculated by the following manner: Figure 1. Payback Period=Investment Required/ Net Annual Cash Inflows Suggestions which are acceptable are those in which the Payback Period is less than the overall period required, but it rejected the project where the PP is longer than the overall period required. (Cheng F. Lee and Joseph E. Finnerty, 1990). In decision making stage, the PP technique could be utilized as a secondary factor in order to lead in desirable effects. Thus, the PP is used mainly in economical periods where prevail conditions of high interest rates and low liquidity. (Avi Rushinek, 2007). But, according to George M. Zinkhan and F.Chiristian Zinkhan (1994) at this day and age the most prevalent methods which are applied in capital budgeting are these methods which utilize a time value analysis of gain and called as the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. Many studies have point out that the most financial managers have preference in the Internal Rate of Return method. (Stanley and Block, 1983). NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) The theory about the time value of money point out that a dollar which accepted today is worth more than a dollar accepted in the future. This statement is supported because a dollar which could be reinvested in current time could offer positive results in the evolution of interest rates. Net Present value model belongs in the Discounted Cash Flow models which offer the meaning of take into account vital parameters such as uncertain risk and reinvestment profitability. This model estimates the change in the worth of a company as an effect of receiving an investment opportunity. (Avi Rushinek, 2007). During the calculation of Net Present Value is generated a receivable small percentage of rate of return. This rate of return which emerged from the calculation is a weighted average Cost of Capital which involves equity and dept parameters. (Wooller, 1981). After the procedure of calculating the Cost of Capital should be calculated the future project cash flows. Furthermore, in order to estimate the present valu e of future cash flows, in following these cash flows discounted back at the determined discount rate. In the final stage so as to achieve the Net Present Value first of all, the initial investment must be subtracted from preset values. As a result, acceptable projects should have positive NPV and projects with negative NPV are ignored and reject any investment opportunities. (Garrison, 1978). INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR) The Internal Rate of Return technique has many similarities with Net Present Value but a part of return on investment is defined as an opposite to an absolute dollar value. Moreover this method is implemented because have an edge to compare different investment opportunities by having the percentage of return over an absolute value. (Avi Rushinek, 2007). Utilizing the IRR in order to compare comprehensive investment projects in various currencies and extents, this method is assisted by the existence of percentages. Additional, it is significant to be said that estimating the IRR method demands the initial worth of the investment, however and the calculated future cash flows. (Avi Rushinek,2007). According to, Haim Levy and Marshall Sarnat (1994) IRR is determined as the discount rate which equates the predetermined value of the flow of net revenues with the initial expenditure. Thus, acceptable projects are those in which the IRR surpass the discount rate and in opposite site when the discount rate is bigger than the IRR these projects are rejected. To sum up, it is important to define that in Discount Cash Flow techniques is belonged the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return which are more complicated than Payback method. Besides this, these models are considered useful and profitable because including the time value of money and the Cost of Capital. For this reason, are the most prevalent models and prevail over PP method. Also, the PP model has vital usefulness in economic periods where dominated high interest rates and low liquidity. (Kim and Farragher, 1981). FACTORS WHICH AFFECT CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLANNING Another point worth mentioning is that in the appraisal procedure should take into consideration the full consequences of inflation. Cash flows estimation could be defined whether in money or real conditions. Whatever method is implemented it is significant that the determined rate of return is estimated in the same conditions. (Richard Dobbins and Richard Pike, 2007). What is more, Carsberg and Hope propose that the estimation of discount rates and cash flow should be represented in money terms. This statement arising from the appearance of various inflation rates on projects during the inflows and outflows, and the capital discounts are not indexed but defined in historical cost conditions. According to, (Johnson and Soenen, 1994) firms which operate and active in global basis should take into consideration the risk concern with currency fluctuations. Thus, when senior manag ers attempt to find the suitable capital budgeting method it is very essential to estimate the effect of a required investment on the economic exposure of a company. It is also be added that economic exposure idea is that in this case must take into consideration unpredictable changes on future cash flows in exchange rates. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in this assignment has become a descriptive analysis about the dominant methods that determine business decisions, whether a project must be accepted or not. This appraisal involves traditional techniques such as Payback Period in which does not take into account the time value of money, and Discounted Cash Flow techniques as Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. Discounted Cash Flow methods gradually decrease the value of cash flows accepted in the future. It is generally believed that Payback Period method is inferior to Discounted Cash Flow and Internal Rate of Return is inferior to Net Present Value. Thus, it is su pported the fact that the superior method is NPV, due to the fact that IRR have lags in the ability of multiple rates of return and a not real reinvestment suppose which emerges in its calculation.(Michael Pogue, 2004). However,

Is Truth Objective Or Subjective - 1504 Words

George Pippin Professor Hays HMXP 201 June 28, 2015 Is truth objective or subjective? Is there one truth for all of humankind or is truth subjective? Is there a subjective right and wrong to everything or is right and wrong dependent upon one’s religion, morals, and culture? This is a question that has been debated for years and a topic that many have devoted their careers and lives to. I believe truth is very much subjective. Almost everyone has beliefs or truths that they are unwilling to compromise. Why is this? Is it because everyone is searching for the one ultimate truth or is it because what is truth to one simply is not truth to another? During this essay, I will show how one’s religion, morals, and culture play a part of how someone discovers their own truth. Religion is something that has been around since the beginning of time and will be here until the end of time. People of faith use religion to answer questions like why are we here, how was the earth created, and what is the ultimate purpose for life. Neve rtheless, just as there are many truths, there are many different religions. If you were to ask a Christian how the earth was created, they would tell you that God created the earth. However, if you were to ask a Hindu how the earth was created, they would say the that there have been many earths before this one came into existence. Both the Hindu and Christian believe whole heartily that their truth is correct. However, who is to say either of them isShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Between Thrasymachus And Socrates1137 Words   |  5 PagesIn the following paper I am going to defend my personal position on whether or not justice is objective. I am going to explain the argument between Socrates and Thrasymachus and define the terms used. Next I will give supporting evidence to support my position. 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Coral Reefs, Our Disappearing Beauty Free Essays

Coral reefs are one of nature’s riches ecosystems with a diverse existence of life which is ultimately quite complex. They are a colorful ecosystem that plays an important role in the marine world and the human world as well. They are home to countless plants and animals, a source of food, medicines and one of the unique wonders of our world. We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Reefs, Our Disappearing Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now While they might bring the image of life near a tropical paradise, there is much more to the coral reef than its beauty. These beauties are home to a diverse population that benefits humans, each type in its own way. But will we be able to save these natural wonders? Corals belong to the same group of animals as jellyfish and sea anemones. While they seem to move in the current of the ocean, they actually do not move and stay in one place. Coral use their tentacles to feed and exist in colonies. They grow every slowly but they can live anywhere from a few decades to even centuries. They have a hard calcium carbonate skeleton which provides them with protection. The calcium carbonate is continually deposited which added to its size, however, their growth varies depending on the conditions within the environment. The growth of the coral reef is long and slow and it takes several years for it grow only a few inches. This growth can be even slower when you consider the destructive activities of animals, storms and humans. As the coral grows they form colonies which become the basic foundation of the reef. Coral reefs need particular conditions in order to survive. They generally grow near the shoreline which is a form of protection for the shore. Coral reefs only grow to depths approximately 45 meters because they need sunlight in order to survive. The amount of oxygen available is also important because coral have symbiotic relationship with some types of algae. The algae live in the coral and perform photosynthesis which makes food for the algae and the coral alike. The coral gives the algae protection and sunlight. For this reason coral reefs are built in shallow, clear water where lights can reach them. The amount of sedimentation mud be low because sediments can block the sunlight they need. There are three main kinds of coral reefs. Each of these is thought to be a stage in the development of the coral reef. (Birkeland, 1997). These include the fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls. Some scientists include a fourth type, the patch reef, as well. The most common type of ref is the fringing reef. Found very near to land they can often form a shallow area in the lagoon. When reefs are formed it is the fringing reef that is formed first. Another type of reef is the barrier reef. It can resemble the fringing reef but they do not form so close to shore and are usually much larger than the fringing reef. The fringing reef grows out and the distance from land becomes greater causing the fringing reef to become a barrier reef. The atoll is shaped like a horseshoe or can be a circle. It surround the lagoon although there is no land associated with the atoll. This is because when the land subsides, only the reef remains and it has the shape of the land it surrounded. Finally, there is the patch reef which usually are found within the lagoon and ore the outcrops of coral. An abundance of both plant and animal life are an integral part of coral reefs. Scientists continue to discover new species and learn a great deal from coral reefs. First, the coral itself is living with the skeleton of calcium carbonate surrounding them for protection. The first animal that comes to mind when discussing coral reefs is the fish. Fish of every color swim in the reef, finding food, using it for protection, making it their home. Fish camouflage themselves within the reef to steer clear of larger fish and sharks. Sharks often scour the coral looking for a stray fish. Sea snakes also make the coral reef their home. There are also invertebrates like starfish who travel through the many species of seagrass and algae within the reef. There are many species of sea turtles that make coral reefs their home as well. These are only a few of the massive variety of creatures that live in the coral reefs. There are urchins, sponges, crabs, eels and literally thousands of others. It is the richest place of biodiversity. In fact, â€Å"Guam hosts over 3. 500 species of plants and animals, including 200 different types of corals. † (Teach Ocean Science, ret. June 14, 2013). In addition to theses kinds of plants and animals, there are also microorganisms that call the coral reef home. Coral reefs don’t only benefit animals and plants, but they also benefit humans. They are one of the oldest ecosystems on our planet and one of the most beautiful. One way they benefit humans is due to their beauty. Areas with coral reefs bring tourism. This tourism supports local communities, creating jobs for local inhabitants. Visitors come to dive, snorkel, fish and enjoy the coral. These jobs help support the infrastructure of the community and build a strong economy. The economic value of many of the reefs individually are in excess of hundreds of millions of dollars, some over $1 billion each year. More importantly, there are many plants and animals that help us in the creation of new medicines and perfecting ones we already have. Medicines that have been developed or are being developed from the coral reefs include treatments for heart disease, cancer, arthritis, viruses just to name a few. More obvious than the previously mentioned benefits, coral reefs provide an abundance of fish and other sea life that helps populate the oceans for fishing. This also benefits humans. Fisheries are important for recreation as well as a trade to provide food. Also, as the name implies, coral reefs are a natural buffer between the ocean and the land. This helps prevent property damage, soil erosion, and protects people from storms. Nearby communities depend on the coral reefs for their well-being. Even though humans depend on the coral reef in so many ways, we are unfortunately slowly losing them. These natural beauties are disappearing at a faster and faster rate. The biggest threat is humans themselves. Healthy coral reefs need clean water but people are polluting these waters causing significant harm to the reefs. Fertilizers, soil, pesticides and even sewage is put into the water. These things make the water unhealthy for corals, smother the reef and make it more likely the will get diseases. Pollution is a major threat. Humans also often have destructive fishing practices. They use explosives to fish or bang on the reef with large sticks as well as bottom-trawling. In addition to these destructive practices, humans have been overfishing which upsets the natural balance of the ecosystem of the reef. The food chain is then so out of balance that the effects are not only the direct fish population but the entire ocean and beyond. Humans are not the only threats to coral reefs. Natural disasters can also harm the reefs. Hurricanes and other storms can cause damage as well. Global warming is also a threat. Corals will only survive in a certain water temperature and global warming has caused damage by elevating the levels of coral bleaching. When the reef is already unhealthy it is difficult for it to improve such a disaster. One way our own government has started to help protect the coral reef is by developing the U. S. Coral Reef Task Force. â€Å"On June 11, 1998, President Clinton issued Executive Order 13089 on Coral Reef Protection. † (EPA, Ret. June 10, 2013). This task force was charge with the duties of mapping and monitoring the US coral reefs, conducting research to identify major causes and consequences of the decline of the reefs and with developing ways to restore the damaged reefs and prevent further damage. Governments have set up Preservation Zones to focus on the cost of human impact to the coral reefs and how to maintain the reefs. Each of us can help protect the coral reef. Be sure to clean up after yourself when you go to the beach. It sounds simple, and it is but many people don’t follow this advice. If you go to the area, be sure not to touch the coral. Take care of it. Leave shells and other creatures where they are. The food chain is a delicate balance and we should not do anything, no matter how small it might seem, to upset that balance. If you fish, catch only what you will eat. Throw small fish back to reproduce and the largest because they lay the most eggs. And if you don’t fish, eat only the species of fish that are on the sustainable seafood list. Even if you are not in the area, you can reduce the amount of freshwater you use, develop habits that reduce the amount of greenhouse gases we produce like using too much electricity or driving a lot. Recycle more, including reusing items. Basically reducing our carbon footprint helps our coral reefs. Coral reefs are a vital resource in our environment. They are home to an extremely diverse population that is necessary to all life on earth. Humans have come to depend on this ecosystem for numerous things yet we still see the coral reefs disappearing quickly. But this sensitive ecosystem is depending on us was well. We each can do our part by minimizing our own carbon footprint but so much damage has already been done that this alone is not enough. Humans must get involved and be proactive to save this valuable resource before it’s too late. Sources: Ruppert, EE and Barnes, RD, 1994, Invertebrate Zoology, 6th Edition, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia â€Å"What lives on a coral reef?†, Teach Ocean Science, http://www.teachoceanscience.net/teaching_resources/education_modules/coral_reefs_and_climate_change/what_lives_on_a_coral_reef/, retrieved June 14, 2013. Water: Habitat Protection, EPA, http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/habitat/taskforce.cfm, Retrieved June 10, 2013. Birkeland, C. (1997). Introduction. In Life and Death of Coral Reefs. Birkeland, C. (ed.). Chapman and Hall, New York. Achituv, Y. ; Dubinsky, Z. (1990). Evolution and Zoogeography of Coral Reefs. In Ecosystems of the World: 25 Coral Reefs. Dubinsky, Z. (ed.). Elsevier, New York. How to cite Coral Reefs, Our Disappearing Beauty, Papers

Change Management in the Modern Organization Get Free Solution

Questions: What is change management? What are some of the major challenges when trying to manage change in organisations? What are some of the current theories on change management? How can current change management theories be applied to support organisations? Answers: Introduction The global business landscape is filled with several organizations belonging to several organizational structures, business models and industry types. Organizations have abundant presence and are essential ingredient of the economy. Globalization and opening up of the economies have resulted in several functional, cultural, regulatory and technical changes in the operational aspects of several companies. These mentioned changes have even affected the business functioning and objectives of the several organizations (Dawson, 1994). Management of these Organizations has minimal option left, but to change with the changing times. Change for survival and change for progress is what the modern organizations are turning to.The twenty first century has made it necessary for the modern organizations belonging to this technology age, to be prepared for and embrace the concept of change management. This concept of change management has indeed attracted much of relevance in the modern age. There have been several studies and theories on this concept, and most of the researchers have suggested that the future survival of the modern organizations would be significantly dependent on the ability of these organizations to successfully embrace change in their Organizational functioning that would be triggered by the changes in the internal and external environment of these modern organizations (Coetzee et al., 2012). Several of the researches have also directed that the rate, in which the organizations would have to adapt changes in its structure and operations, would be increasing significantly in the near future (Dunphy, 1996). The rising competition in the global market and saturation of the buyers market phenomena, are the key indices, triggering the increased rate of changes in the external markets of these organizations. The concept of Change management The concept of change is closely related to adoption of new state of things that are different from the old state of things. The changes desired in the modern organizations, covers much larger field including the probable changes desired in servicing the new age customers, adapting to newer technologies of production, updating logistics and supply chain operations, etc. The change management in the organizations can be described as the process of continuously reviving an organizations structure, direction, objectives or capabilities in response to the dynamic external environment, as well as in response to the demands of the internal customers (Robbins et al., 2014). Managing change in a successful manner is an ongoing and continuous process that involves the combination of science as well as art. This process of organizational change requires the adequate alignment of Organizational structures, processes and strategies to adapt the necessary and desired changes. Several organization s of modern age are opting for change management techniques to survive and prosper in the todays competitive business world. These organizations are streamlining their Business operations to become more responsive and nimble to the external demands of the stakeholders of the organization, mainly the consumers (Senior, 2002).Many of the scholars and researchers have researched on the topic of the organizational change management and have broadly come up with two clear classifications of the types of changes that the organizations undergo (Paton and McCalman, 2000):a. Evolutionary changes (Gradual Changes, changes of 1st degree or incremental changes)This is generally a continuous change in the small order. These changes generally use dominant type of management to obtain stable growth and remain grounded in the markets. E.g.- Pizza Restaurants introducing newer variety of Pizzas every quarter, to adapt to the changing tastes and preferences of the consumers. b. Revolutionary changes (Transformational changes, changes of 2nd degree, Frame changes or dramatic changes)These changes are generally strategic in nature, altering the structures, power, control and orders of an Organization. These changes are also referred to as extreme changes.E.g.- Wal-Mart expanding its business in Asia-pacific Region, by tying up with the local players in the respective countries for expanding its consumer base. The Rising relevance of change management in modern organizations The concept of change management has become highly popular in the twenty first century, and several of the Organizations are following this bandwagon to remain competitive and successful in the markets. The change is thus an ever-present feature of the organizational life at both operational as well as strategic level. However, with the economies opening up and world markets coming closer, the intensity and frequency of these need for changes has highly increased. Several of the environmental factors, such as political factors, socio-economic factors, cultural influences as well as the technology changes across the world, are forcing these modern organizations to stay up to date. Therefore the relevance of the concept of change management has highly increased in the modern age (twenty first century). Modern Organizations are slowly shedding the age old organizational ideologies and practices, and have become more practical and result oriented. Most of these Organizations have started involving their staff members in the strategic and key decision making processes, making the decisions more viable and practical. Most of the Organizations have also started valuing performance over time and have started making concurrent changes in their respective organizational HR polices (Robbins et al., 2014).The HR landscape has also complicated with several individuals from diverse backgrounds working as a team in the organization. These are resulting in the several cross-cultural management challenges that have to be dealt with careful changes in the policies and procedures of the Human resources management function of the modern organizations. The Technology is another buzz word that is facilitating several changes in the way the organizations functions. The modern Organizations have to be alert and quick in adapting to the latest technologies in the respective segment competencies. These organizations have to react and quickly install latest technology in their products a nd offerings, before the competitor organizations react. Otherwise the Organization poses a huge risk of customer dissatisfaction (Thurlow, 2009).The modern Organizations also have to with stand the cyclical ups and downs of the economic conditions of the Business and have to make immediate corresponding changes in the budgets and cost centers of their departmental operations (Coetzee et al., 2012). Theories of Organizational Change Let us discuss some significant theory models in the context of managing the Organizational change:a. The Analytical model belonging to Harold Leavitt revolves around a specific theory. According to this researcher, every organization is comprised of a multi variant structure that has the following four important variables: Structure Players Technology GoalThese variables would represent for the desired changes in the organizational functioning. These variables are interdependent at the core of the model. Thus changes in any one of the variables would result in modification effect on the other variables in this theory model (Thurlow and Mills, 2009). b. The Analytical model of change management by Kurt Lewin stated that change occurred when the forces that supported the organizational systems stable behavior, are been modified. This researcher suggested altering the stability forces, one maintaining the status quo in the organizations. This would help in less resistance to change fro m the employees, rather than strengthening the pro-change forces (Paton and McCalman, 2000). According to this researcher, the process of change unfolds in three stages Unfreezing- Minimizing the force that maintains the systems behavior at the current level. Change proper- this step is about altering the organizational behavior through development of new behaviors, values and attitudes throughout the change of structures and processes. Refreezing- this refers to stabilizing the new stage the organization is in, that would reinforce newly introduced elements that may be accomplished by changes in Organizational cultures, policies, norms and structures. These three stages of process change model are highly broad and dispersed and tries to analyze the change theoretically.How change management benefits the OrganizationsMost of the organizational changes are intentional and planned that are introduced by the top management team of the modern organizations for varied number of reasons ranging from pressures to strategy changes to the overall organizational development (Atman and Iles, 1998).When change management is introduced in an Organization, it is implemented through one or more of the following areas:1. Processes 2. Systems3. Organization structure4. Job rolesThese are numerous methods and tools that facilitate change management in the organizations. All of them reacting to problems or opportunities an organization are facing according to the internal or external stimuli of these organizations. The change is indeed desired for survival, growth, and prosperity of the organizations (Dunphy, 1996). And there have been several instances in the past that have seen the change management initiatives benefit the organizations in immense scale. The following are the prominent benefits acquired by the organizations on successful implementation of the change management practices (Graetz and Smith, 2010): Improvisation of the overall organizational outcomes by increasi ng the work efficiency of the management and the staff, involved in the operational process of the organization. Building strong interdepartmental synergies Alignment of the broader organization goals with each of its business segments Improvisation of the product as well as service quality of the offerings of the organization Enhancing overall employee satisfaction due to effective changes in employee engagement practices. Achieving higher return on investments for the organization Improvement in the overall efficiency of the organization. The Challenges faced by Organizations in the process Planning and managing the entire change management process especially in context of cultural and technological changes in the organization, is quiet a challenging task for the new age managers, who are expected to instantly respond to the environmental changes in the business (Balogun and Hope, 2004). Getting in to the management shoes, this process begins with diagnosing the key reasons for changes, and proceeds with making a schedule and proposal for smooth structuring of this change management program. A well researched and well analyzed proposal is extremely essential for promoting a smooth transition (desired change) in the organizations (Dawson, 1994). Several of the functional dimensions that are interrelated to each other have also to be considered. The Extent of planning for devising step by step change solutions, the estimation of the degree of changes desired in identified areas of the organizational operations, the key targets of change, etc, are the dimensions that requi re keen attention of the management of these modern organizations. This is quite a challenging process for the modern aged institutions and is filled with several challenges. The following are the key challenges encountered by the organizations in the change management process (Fuda, 2013): Resistance from the employees and the staff members for implementation of the desired change management procedures Resignations of the valued personnel and key human resources of the organization, resulting in to a resource crunch Delay in the scheduling of the critical projects Low employee confidence on the job, reflected in low employee performance Confusion reflected on the stakeholders, for changes in the organization Decline in the overall organizational productivity The following are the few measures that the management of the organization can implement for handling the above challenges (Robbins et al., 2012): Enabling Active Involvement of employees and the staff members (even the grass root level employees) in the key decision making processes that are related to the organizational change management Reaching out effectively and maintaining clear communication with the stake holders through emails and periodic meetings for updating the progress of the organizations towards the desired change management area. Recruitment of ambitious new personnel that would support and accept the changed organizational procedures Maintain effective and timely delivery of work schedules, by keeping the employees motivated Conclusion The organizational changes are strategic imperative in the todays globalised business world. Most of the organizations are keen on implementing the latest and the most sought out ideas, in their business operations in a fast paced manner. The Organizations are developing at a fast pace and have to compete in a fierce competitive business market of the twenty-first century, to survive the competitive. Change is thus inevitable for these organizations. They have constantly upgraded their operations and business methods with the changing facets of the internal and external environmental variables. Managing change in a positive manner, involving all the stakeholders, and presenting a clear picture before them at every juncture of change, is very important for successful implementation of the change management process in the organizations. The organizations must present the entire change plan as win-win to its stakeholders (especially employees) to gain their utmost support thought out th e process. References Atman, Y. and Iles, P., 1998, Learning, leadership, teams: corporate learning and organizational change, Journal of Management Development, 17(1), pp 44-55. Balogun, J. and Hope Hailey, V., 2004, Exploring Strategic Change, 2nd edition, London: Prentice Hall. Christopher G., Worley and Yvonne, 2010, Leading and Managing Change, Graziadio Business Review, Retrieved on January 31, 2015, from https://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/leading-and-managing-change/ Coetzee Rein, Visagie Jan and Ukpere Wilfred, 2012, leading a successful change intervention in a modern organization: Key elements to consider, African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6(51), pp. 12068-12075. Dawson, P., 1994, Organizational Change: A Processual Approach, London: Paul Chapman. Dunphy, D.C. ,1996, Organizational change in corporate settings. Human Relations, 49(5), 541-542 Eldrod, P. D. and Tippett, D. D, 2002, The death valley of change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 15(3), pp273-291. Fuda Peter, 20 13, Why Change efforts fail, The Alignment Partnership Pvt ltd., Retrieved on January 31from https://www.peterfuda.com/wp-content/themes/peterfuda-bootstrap/content/Why-Change-Efforts-Fail.pdf Graetz F, Smith ACT, 2010, Managing Organizational Change: A Philosophies of Change, Journal of Change Management, 10(2):135-154. Paton, R. A. and McCalman, J., 2000, Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation, 2nd edition, London: Sage Publications. Rieley, J.B. and Clarkson, I., 2001, The impact of change on performance, journal of Change Management, 2 (2), pp 160-172. Robbins, S. Bergman, Stagg, Coulter, M., 2012, Management, 6th edition, Pearson Education: Australia. Robbins, S. DeCenzo, D. Coulter, M. Woods, M., 2014, Management: The Essential, 2nd edition, Pearson: Australia. Senior, B., 2002, Organizational Change, 2nd Edition, London: Prentice Hall. Thurlow A, Mills JH, 2009, Change, talk and sense making, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 22(5):459-479.

Role of women in the church

The roles that women play in church leadership today have been of critical importance in enhancing performance of church ministries in both complementary and active roles. Credible studies on egalitarianism indicate that the intention of God regarding church ministry and leadership roles has been that both men and women serve in equal positions and status.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in the Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rakate points out that the perspective of biblical equality embraces skin color, religion and gender while supporting the fact that God created individuals equally with same responsibilities to serve him.1 However, different viewpoints from complementarianism and egalitarianism on the role of women in the church have been areas of critical importance. It is against this backdrop that this paper takes a critical look at the role of women in church ministry. To begin with , the term elder in the new testament (also called presbusteros) has been used several times to refer to the seventy disciples documented in Luke 10: 1-24, to the twelve apostles in Luke 6: 12-16 as well as other individuals who were in authority and held leadership roles in a Christian assembly. Hamman points out that the term elder in the New Testament did not denote age, but represented both character and position of a person in terms of honor, experience, dignity and maturity.2 A deacon in original biblical language ‘Diakoneo’ refers to a servant. The term has been used 34 times in the New Testament to refer to a person serving at the table with examples from Acts 6:1 and Luke 10:41. According to acts 6:3-5, the core qualifications of an individual filling the office of a deacon include good reputation, use of wisdom and manifestation of the Holy Spirit in his or her life. Other possible qualifications include being internally dynamic and good looking. On the other hand, the qualifications of an elder are too many as indicated by Paul in Titus 1: 6-9 and also in 1Timothy. They include having a good reputation, a long term convert, ability to manage household well, patient, forbearing, hospitable, teachable, respectable, sober, faithfully married to one wife and blameless of any questionable character. One of the fundamental issues in Christian ministry regarding the involvement of women in the ministry has been whether or not they should serve as deacons and elders. Paul in 1st Timothy 2: 9-15 strongly opposes women assuming leadership roles while favoring complementarianism. He says in verse twelve of Timothy 2: 9-15 that â€Å"I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet.†3Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This statement has been repeated several times in 1 Corinthians 14:1 3, Titus 1: 6-9 and 1st Timothy 3: 1-13 and strongly indicates that leadership positions are a domain of men. The crux of the argument is that although God created men and female to be equal, it did not imply that the roles and functions they were to carry out were to be similar.4 Conversely, egalitarianism favors women and leadership roles. In Galatians 3:28, Paul says that â€Å"there is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.†5 However, it would be hasty to interpret Paul’s position to mean that women are equal with men in terms of leadership roles. The fact that men and women are one in Christ refers to faith and salvation which is offered to all regardless of gender, race or economic status, and not leadership roles. However, it is imperative to note that outside the church, women leadership roles are applicable, though it is abundantly clear that it has not been an easy affair as me n still dominate many leadership positions. In the church, women have made immense contributions in complementary roles and in leadership roles in some churches. This has been in leading assemblies, composing songs and teachings. To sum up, the discussion above has been based on the thesis statement that â€Å"the roles that women play in church leadership today have been of critical importance in enhancing performance of church ministries in both complementary and active roles†. From the discussion, it is apparent that different views which are biblically-based have been raised favoring both egalitarianism and complementarianism. As noted from egalitarianism, women play important roles in church ministries and deserve to be treated equally as men since they are equal before God. Bibliography Hamman, Jaco. â€Å"Resistance to women in ministry and the psychodynamics of sadness.† Pastoral Psychology, 59(2010)769-781. Rakate, Faith. â€Å"Women in leadership: contextual dynamics and boundaries.†Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(2011): 166-168.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in the Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Footnotes 1 Rakate, Faith, â€Å"Women in leadership: contextual dynamics and boundaries,†Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(2011): 167. 2 Hamman, Jaco, â€Å"Resistance to women in ministry and the psychodynamics of sadness,† Pastoral Psychology, 59(2010)781. 3 Ibid.780 4 Ibid. 781 5Rakate, Faith, â€Å"Women in leadership: contextual dynamics and boundaries,†Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(2011): 168. This essay on Role of Women in the Church was written and submitted by user Madelyn Miranda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chemical or Molecular Formula for Carbon Dioxide

Chemical or Molecular Formula for Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide normally occurs as a colorless gas. In solid form it is called dry ice. The chemical or molecular formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. The central carbon atom is joined to two oxygen atoms by covalent double bonds. The chemical structure is centrosymmetric and linear, so carbon dioxide has no electric dipole. Key Takeaways: Carbon Dioxide Chemical Formula The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. Each carbon dioxide molecule contains one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, bound to each other by covalent bonds.At room temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide is a gas.The carbon dioxide molecule is linear. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water, where it acts as a diprotic acid, first dissociating to form the bicarbonate ion and then carbonate. A common misconception is that all dissolved carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid. Most dissolved carbon dioxide remains in molecular form. Why Is Water Bent and Carbon Dioxide Linear? Both water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) consist of atoms connected by polar covalent bonds. Yet, water is a polar molecule while carbon dioxide is nonpolar. The polarity of the chemical bonds within a molecule is not sufficient to make the molecule polar. Each water molecule has a bent shape because of the lone electron pair on the oxygen atom. Each CO bond in carbon dioxide is polar, with the oxygen atom pulling the electrons from carbon toward itself. The charges are equal in magnitude, yet opposite in direction, so the net effect is to produce a nonpolar molecule.

The Setting Affects Treatment And Management Strategies That Might be Essay

The Setting Affects Treatment And Management Strategies That Might be Employed In Clinical Practice of Podiatry - Essay Example This essay stresses that government came up with its ambitious agenda with National Service Framework Older People in 2001. The strategies was not just focused on the health or social care, rather it was based on the total well being of the older people. It promoted the independence of the older people by providing them support to compress the morbidity. It promoted the overall well being of older people living in community or home. Each setting like domiciliary, care home, school and community hospital has different features. The domiciliary setting where in the old people will be at their home requires certain specific skills from the professional i.e. follow of ethical standard of work, respecting the privacy of the patient and family. This paper makes a conclusion that various settings have certain limitations which have impact on the clinical practice of podiatry. These limitations can be based on skill and expertise of professionals to the facilities and resources available within that setting. The podiatry related problems are more prone in the old age group due to their aging body. There are several problems which can be taken care of with initial efforts of individuals. The treatment strategies at the domiciliary level will be simpler than the treatment strategies at the hospital based on the problems. The setting affects treatment and management strategies that might be employed in clinical practice of podiatry.

Human Resource Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Training - Essay Example One aspect of this knowledge bank is recognition of legal concerns, particularly with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which set out to define the protected classes in terms of employment standards. Although the protected classes have been changed and updated since the middle of last century, it remains a landmark piece of federal legislation that could mean the difference between legal safety and legal action. CRA of 1964: A Lesson in History Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects individuals from discrimination in the workplace based on their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (LII, p. 1964). That is, when hiring an employee, the hiring manager is prohibited from letting his or her decision be influenced by one of these classes to which the applicant belongs. This protection also extends to employees who may be discriminated against by some indirect form of prejudice, such as an association with another individual of a particular race, color, relig ion, sex, or national origin; for example, Title VII protects in this case from discrimination because of interracial marriage. ... That is, if a hiring manager is blind to the differences between a grossly unqualified candidate and a very qualified candidate, this ultimately will weaken the business and potentially open the business to the possibility of a lawsuit based on negligent hiring. However, the hiring manager should be blind to the nonessential differences, defined by the protected classes. Case Study: Sexual Harassment Of course, Title VII legal protection does not only extend to applicants for jobs; current employees are protected as well. In 1986, the Supreme Court ruled that sexual harassment, which is intimidation or coercion that leverages sex for favors, is an example of discrimination and prohibited by Title VII of the CRA (U.S. Supreme Court, 1986). In cases where members of an organization are accused of sexual harassment, there could be very serious legal consequences for the entire company, not just the individual who committed the act of harassment. Of course, preventing sexual harassment t heoretically begins at the initial hiring stages of employees, when the hiring manager should recognize potential conflicts between the individual’s personality and the company culture. However, human resources managers must always reinforce a positive culture that embraces differences rather than fosters an environment of discrimination against other employees. Because sexual harassment is a violation of federal law (as given in the Civil Rights Act and reinforced by the United States Supreme Court), the HR policy on the crime must be one of zero tolerance. Case Study: The BFOQ Companies are allowed to discriminate between the protected classes of job applicants in a few select situations that are highly tied to the business concept of

Consider how modern American drama presents the self as fragmented and Essay

Consider how modern American drama presents the self as fragmented and insecure in Death of a Salesman and Cat on a Hot Tin Roo - Essay Example Negative impacts of the depression era and the evil of capitalism have played a pivotal role in the life of American middleclass people. American dramatist Arthur Miller and his followers have often experienced the evil of depression and capitalism (Bryer & Hartig 2010, p. 363). Increasing insecurity in sexual relation among the people also provide contributory causes for insecure existence in modern world. Willy Loman, the central character in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman fails to understand the real pulse of the society. Therefore he does not find success both in his personal and professional life. He is a self possessed and self-contained man who fails in his personal life and the same failure directs him to his tragic death at the end of the play. Tennessee William’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof presents the conflict of a Southern family. Brick, the husband in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof lead a self possessed life and likes to continue his homosexual nature. At the s ame time, his wife Margaret leads a miserable life to catch her husband’s attention even in the midst of her husband’s negligence. As eminent figures of Modern American drama, Arthur Miller and Tennesse Williams successfully take up the theme of ‘fragmented self’ and ‘insecurity’ in their works Death of a Salesman and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Osgerby 2001, p. 71). ... The playwright portrays the failure of the American success myth and the insecure existence of the personal and financial life of an American middle class man through the character of Willy Loman in Miller’s play (This is just a close reading of the text and you do not need to provide a reference here!). Willy Loman, the central character of the play fails to understand the real pulse of the modern materialist society as well its people. He is a total failure in his personal life as well as in family life and it is this failure that leads him to his tragic death at the end of the play. It is his self-deceptiveness and his blindness to reality that leads him to a world of conflicts. Unable to cope with reality Loman convinces himself that he is successful and the same self acts as an obstacle in his way to reveal his mistake. Death of a Salesman exemplifies the theme of self and insecurity through the despondent life of the protagonist Willy Loman and the other members of his f amily. Each member of Willy’s family feels emotional frustration and insecurity. Willy Loman isolates and alienates himself from his wife, his sons, his fellow beings, and the society because of his conscious efforts to justify his self. In Death of a Salesman Willy’s wife Linda is portrayed as a completely accepting wife and a good mother. It is simply unintentional that Loman’s elder son Biff became the victims of Lawman’s illegal relationship with a prostitute. Biffs’ unhealthy appearance and self-destructive nature haunts Loman as a nightmare but at the same time his distinctive self prevents him to confess his fault. Michelle, in this

Impact of American Dream on Identity in Literature

Impact of American Dream on Identity in Literature American dream is a fantasy to a lot of people however in both readings it is depicted as an unfulfilled dream which is constantly sought after by both local and non-local Americans. To portray all possible dimensions of this fascinating subject I would like to quote two readings in my analysis which are â€Å"Let America be America again†[1] by Langston Hughes and â€Å"American Dreamer†[2] by Bharti Mukherji. Let America Be America Again, (Verse 1) claims for atonement of the Dream that never was. It talks about the flexibility and correspondence which America brags, yet never had. It anticipates a day when Liberty is crowned with no false patriotic wreath (Verse 11-12) and America is that great strong land of love (Verse 7). Author is not restricting his request to the discouraged Negro; he also incorporates the foreigner, the poor white, laborer, the Indian, agriculturist, the people (Verse 32) impart the Dream that has not been. The Dream still signals. In Freedoms Plow he brings up that America is a dream (Verse 76) and the result of the seed of opportunity is for all Americans as well as for all the world. The American Dream of fraternity, opportunity, and majority rules system must go to all people groups and all races of the world, he demands. The American Dream has showed up as a worn out, uneven, splotched, and frequently unattainable objective which regularly turned into a bad dream, yet there is dependably any desire for the satisfied dream even in the darkest minutes. All through the ballad, Hughes contrasts his trusts for America with the truth of life for those outside of the socially and monetarily predominant racial, religious, and social gatherings. He inspires the intense longs for the individuals who went to the United States on the grounds that they saw it as a paradise where they could be sheltered from the mistreatment they persisted in their countries however those fantasies of America have never materialized. Same is the situation with second reading perusing by Bharati Mukherjee who discusses her perspectives as a worker. Originating from India and her town Faridpur, Mukherjee advising Americans and foreigners to look to the new American society and dont be impeded by old traditions. Mukherjee discusses being friendless and separated from her establishes while in Canada where the populace is not as with the exception of. In her words they resists culture fusion I concur with her announcements on Canada and think the U.S. while it is known for racial and social tolerance is underrated on the world stage. Having all criticism, authors are hopeful for better prospects as a result of endeavored struggle in upcoming future. The sonnet â€Å"Let America be America again† starts with Hughes longing for America to be the America it once was; on the other hand, he remarks harshly, this picture of America is patently false. The most punctual Americans honed subjugation and persecution, efficiently pulverizing the lands local people groups to assemble their settlements. The perfect of America exists just in dreams, Hughes clarifies. Notwithstanding, he asks, Let America be the dream that dreamers dreamed- / Let it be that great strong land of love / Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme. (Verse 6-8) For destitute, Native Americans, slaves, and workers, American has just ever been a dog eat dog world where the frail are crushed. The humble, hungry, mean residents dont get to drink from the mug of bounty; in spite of diligent work and aspiration, they will dependably stay outside the edges of achievement and solace. The speaker steps back almost instantly and recognizes that numerous visionaries came to America with the trust of cutting out an equivalent bit of riches and acknowledgement. The challenging were compelling, Hughes shouts, and he commends the visionaries who dreamt a dream so strong, so brave, so true. (Verse 39) The outcasts from Ireland, Poland, England, and significantly all the more along these Verses, the African slaves, landed in America on the grounds that they had no other decision. Then again, considerably in the wake of building the establishment of this homeland of the free, its wealth stay beyond their control. The speaker shouts out that the Negros, workers, and destitute must ascend and reclassify American equity as it was constantly intended to be. He states decidedly, We must take back our land again, / America! (Verse 70) Even if America is currently presently tormented by separation and voracity, the speaker (and Hughes) accept that it can be made strides. Consequently, the ballad closes on a hopeful, effective note of determination toward oneself and diligence. In â€Å"American Dreamer†, Mukherjee felt that the switch between an outside understudy and U.S. national was a huge change. She likewise says that she considers being an American resident important. I imagine that there is a noteworthy contrast in points of view toward citizenship between individuals who worker here and individuals whos families have known only the Americas. Like Mukherjee says, I became a citizen by choice, not by simple accident of birth. (American Dreamer, Mukherjee) She looks down on individuals who were given American citizenship (by conception) and dont admire it or grasp it. She adds to the multiculturalism that is so fundamental in the accomplishment of the United States. II chose to describe myself on my own terms, as an American, rather than as an Asian-American. Why is it that hyphenation is imposed only on nonwhite Americans? Rejecting hyphenation is my refusal to categorize the cultural landscape into a center and its peripheries; it is to demand that the American nation deliver the promises of its dream and its Constitution to all its citizens equally. (American Dreamer, Mukherjee) In this section Mukherjee truly demonstrates her imperviousness to the average foreigners who may call themselves Asian-American rather than simply an American. Mukherjee rejects this hyphenation. She accepts she is equivalent to all other American residents whether she was conceived in American or not. Mukherjee has an intense tone in this section. She is deciding to portray herself on her own terms (American Dreamer, Mukherjee). She decides to call herself an American and is extremely pleased to do this. She realizes that she merits all the rights and benefits that a local American merits. Later Mukherjee communicates her fervor about as a country we have not just the opportunity to hold those qualities we prize from our unique societies additionally the opportunity to recognize that the external types of those qualities are liable to change. Folks express fury or depression to a few parts of Indian society. Mukherjee might want to ask those folks this, What is it we have lost if our children are acculturating into the culture in which we are living? Is it so terrible that our children are discovering or are inventing homelands for themselves?† (American Dreamer, Mukherjee) She is recognizing that America has changed her. She says that it doesnt end until she demonstrates that she alongside the countless workers like her are moment by moment changing America. This change is a two-way transform that influences both the individual and the country social personality. Both of the above mentioned readings portray that American dream of millions has changed their identity as well. Their old identities had been lost somewhere on the way to their American dream. The only thing they left now is just their American identity. Both authors are hopeful and courageous regarding prosperous future of immigrants who endeavor to move to America for the sake of their American dream and American identities. [1] Hughes, L. (1935), Let American be America Again, retrieved from http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/let-america-be-america-again. [2] Mukherjee, B., (1997), â€Å"American Dream†, Mother Jones.

Essay --

Scott Sorrell 12/11/13 Soc 221 – Social Problems Dusty Myers Homosexuality and Society George Bernard Shaw said the following when discussing how marriage brings two people together "under the influence of the most violent, most insane, most delusive, and most transient of passions. They are required to swear that they will remain in that excited, abnormal, and exhausting condition continuously until death do them part." Marriage is hard, and it is something people have to work at. However, society in recent years has begun to strongly dictate who can, and who cannot be joined in matrimony. Gay marriage has become the hot topic. It is a fact that humans have been engaging in homosexuality activity for centuries. China, India, Japan, and all over Europe homosexuality has been occurring. It was not until Christianity and organized religion did it become as big of an issue. It has become a more pressing issue now because people have begun fighting for equal rights. Society will ask â€Å"should homosexual marriage be legalized?†, however, the contradictory outlook is â€Å"why should society be able to dictate what two adults choose to do?† If two people decide to participate in traditional marriage, no one cares. No one calls the papers. No one protests. No one commits hate crimes. It is assumed that they are two people who are in love, and feel warmth for one another. How could those feeling ever be wrong? But when this case is changed to a nontraditional marriage between a man and another man, or a woman and another woman, a large portion of society has many objections. They feel that it is their responsibility to make their objections heard. They decided then that they care. They call the papers, they protest and they commit hate crime... .... However, the argument has been made that two people in a homosexual relationship should not have children, because it will corrupt those kids. But, there has been many studies done that show kids that grow up in same sex households have no adverse effects. They are loved the same. They do just as well in school. They contribute to society just the same. The studies that show otherwise, have all been proven to have flawed results, or have been adjusted to support a specific viewpoint. Love is love, which is all children need to grow. For me, as an openly bisexual male, and someone who was very religious at one point in my life, I feel that I have a unique perspective. I feel that it is my right as a human being to love who I choose to love. It is my right as a human being to pursue a sexual relationship with who I want. No other person should have a say in that.

Template Dairy

Dairy Farming Project Report Index (to be elaborated) 1. GENERAL i) Nature and objectives of the proposed scheme ii) Details of proposed investments iii) Specification of the project area iv) Name of the financing bank branch v) Status of beneficiary 🙠 individual/Partnership/Company/Corporation/Co-operative Society / Others) vi) Details of borrowers profile (a) Capability (b) Experience (c) Financial Soundness (d) Technical/Other special Qualifications (e) Technical/Managerial Staff and adequacy thereof 2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS: a) Location, Land and Land Development : i) Location details of the project i) Total Area of land and its cost iii) Site map iv) Particulars of land development, fencing, gates, etc. b) Civil Structures: Detailed cost estimates along with measurements of various civil structures – Sheds – Store room – Milk room – Quarters, etc. c) Equipment/Plant and Machinery: i) Chaff cutter ii) Silo pit iii) Milking machine iv) Feed grinder and mixer v) Milking pails/milk cans vi) Biogas plant vii) Bulk coolers viii)Equipment for manufacture of products ix) Truck/van (price quotations for the above equipments) d) Housing : i) Type of housing ii) Area requirement Adults – Heifers (1-3 years) – Calves (less than 1 year) e) Animals : i) Proposed species ii) Proposed breed iii) Source of purchase iv) Place of purchase v) Distance (km. ) vi) Cost of animal (Rs. ) f) Production parameters : i) Order of lactation ii) Milk yield (ltrs. per day) iii) Lactation days iv) Dry days v) Conception rate vi) Mortality(%) – Adults – Young stock g) Herd projection (with all assumptions) : h) Feeding : i) Source of fodder and feed – Green fodder – Dry fodder – Concentrates ii) Fodder crop rotations – Kharif – Rabi – Summer iii) Fodder cultivation expenses v) Requirement and costs : Quantity required (kg. /day) | |Cost(rs/kg) |Lactation |Dry Period |Young Stock | |Green Fodder | | | | | |Dry Fodder | | | | | |Concentrats | | | | | I) Breeding Facilities : i) Source : ii) Location : iii) Distance (km. ) : iv) Availability of semen : v) Availability of staff : vi) Expenditure per animal/year J) Veterinary Aid : i) Source ii) Location iii) Distance (km. ) iv) Availability of labour and other staff v) Types of facilities available vi) If own arrangements are made a) Employed a veterinary doctor/stockman/consultant b) Periodicity of visit c) Amount paid/visit (Rs. ) vii)Expenditure per animal per year (Rs. ) k) Electricity : i) Source ii) Approval from Bihar State electricity Board ii) Connected load iv) Problems of power failure v) Arrangements for generator l) Water : i) Source ii) Quality of water iii) Availability of sufficient quantity for drinking, cleaning and fodder production iv) If investment has to be made, type of structure, design and cost m) Marketing of milk : i) Source of sales ii) Place of disposal iii) Distance (km. ) iv) Price realised – (Rs. per liter of milk) v) Basis of payment vi) Peri odicity of payment n) Marketing of other products : i) Animal – age – place of sale – price expected ii) Manure Qty. /animal – Price/unit (Rs. ) iii) Empty gunny bags – Number – Cost/bag (Rs. ) O) Beneficiary's experience : P) Comments on technical feasibility : Q) Government restrictions, if any : 3. FINANCIAL ASPECTS : i) Project Cost |Sr No |Item |Physical Unit & Specification |Cost Rs | | | | | | ii) Down payment/margin/subsidy (Indicate source & extent of subsidy): ii) Financial viability (comment on the cash flow projection on a farm model/unit and enclose the same. )   Particulars : a) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : b) Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) : c) Net Present Worth (NPW) : iv) Financial position of the borrowers (to be furnished in case of corporate bodies/partnership firms)   a) Profitability Ratio : i) GP Ratio ii) NP Ratio b) Debt Equity Ratio : c) Whether Income Tax & other tax obligations are paid upto date : d) Whether aud it is upto date (enclose copies of audited financial statements for the last three years) v) Lending Terms : i) Rate of Interest : i) Grace Period : iii) Repayment Period : iv) Nature of Security : v) Availability of Government guarantee wherever necessary : 4. INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES : a) Availability of technical staff with bank/implementing authority for monitoring b) Details of – i) technical guidance ii) training facilities iii) Govt. support /extension support c) Tie-up arrangements with marketing agencies for loan recovery d) Insurance – – Type of policy – Periodicity – Rate of premium e) Whether any subsidy is available, if so amount per unit f) Arrangements for supply of green fodder and cattle feed

HLTA Unit 1 Assignment Essay

HLTA Unit 1 Assignment Essay HLTA Unit 1 Assignment Essay Higher Level Teaching Assistant Diploma Course Questions on Unit One Elizabeth England S144471 8 Hodgson Close, Fritwell Bicester OX27 7QB 1. Good, solid relationships are essential in aiding a child or young person's ability to learn throughout their school career. The relationship between a teacher or teaching assistant and a pupil is different to one formed out of the school environment, because it is one of professionalism and authority. In order to build a relationship with a child or young person it is important to remember that each one is an individual; different ages, with different abilities, interests and needs. You must engage that individual - remember their name, get down to their level if necessary (have open, welcoming body language) and show an interest in what they do within school and outside, as this will all help to start a conversation which is essentially the backbone of any relationship. Once that initial dialogue has taken place it becomes easier for both parties to approach one another in order to further build and maintain the relationship. It is important to keep that approachability throughout your time at school. Effective communication is also very important. This means; using suitable language, and adjusting your language, for the age and ability of the child or young person you are talking to; listening to what the child or young person has to say, even if it is not entirely relevant. For them, knowing that you are interested in and value what they have to say is very important; allowing each individual to speak; giving clear concise instructions, allowing the pupil to complete a task with confidence. Understanding the individual too can help in maintaining relationships. Do not have preconceived ideas about the child or young person; this is particularly important when dealing with children with special educational needs or behavioural issues. The ability to diffuse a situation through understanding the child(ren) involved will go a long way to keep the classroom a calm, relaxed space. Being consistent, for example with how situations are dealt with (remaining calm, listening to all parties involved and being impartial) will show the children and young people what you expect from them in terms of behaviour and that within the relationship you have built up, they are all treated equally. Trust and respect are also important factors when building and maintaining relationships, especially with young people. Of course this is an important factor in all relationships whether personal or professional, but young people in particular go through some difficult periods during their school years, so knowing that there is an adult there that they can trust and who respects and understands them allows them to focus on their school career without additional worries. Most of the points above also apply when forming relationships with adults too. Whether they are colleagues, parents or guardians of the pupils, a relationship built on mutual respect and trust will stand the test of time. People respond positively when you are courteous, friendly and use positive body language including eye contact. Approachability is also an important factor, particularly when building and maintaining relationships with parents and guardians. They need to be able to feel as though they can come to you if they have any concerns, so being open and welcoming and having a presence in and around the school environment is essential. 2. As mentioned before, relationships are essential in aiding a child or young person's learning. The ability to form that relationship however, can be hindered by a number of factors; both internal and external. Internal factors can be described as some sort of disorder that affects the normal function of the body and thus the person's ability to build a relationship. Internal factors include; Down's Syndrome: This is a genetic disorder that causes physical growth delays and

Using and Conjugating the Spanish Verb Oler

Using and Conjugating the Spanish Verb Oler Just as the verb to smell can be used to refer to the act of smelling or the act of producing an odor, so can the Spanish verb oler. But the verbs are used in somewhat different ways in the two languages. Oler comes from the Latin verb olÄ“re and is related to a few English words such as olfactory and odor. How To Use Oler Oler is usually used with a direct object when telling what a person or creature smells: Me gusta oler las flores. (I like smelling the flowers.)Mi hermano no podà ­a oler la comida. (My brother couldnt smell his meal.)Olà ­amos el aire fresco del bosque. (We smelled the fresh air of the forest.) Oler can also be used figuratively in the same way:  ¡Casi puedo oler la libertad! (I can almost smell freedom!) To describe what something smells like, you can use oler a: El coche olà ­a a gasolina. (The car smelled of gasoline.)Desde que comencà © a amamantar a mi bebà © siento que huelo a vaca. (Since I started to nurse my baby I have felt that I smell like a cow.)Tu casa huele a tabaco. (Your house smells of tobacco.)No huele a los baratos perfumes. (It doesnt smell like the cheap perfumes.) Again, oler can be used this way figuratively: La casa olà ­a a dinero. (The house smelled of money.) Without an object, oler can refer to the act of smelling: No puedo oler desde hace aà ±os. (I havent been able to smell for years.) When used with an indirect-object pronoun, oler can be used to mean to suspect or to seem that when it has that meaning: Me huele que el problema no es de tu ordenador. (It seems to me that the problem isnt with your computer.)A mà ­ me huele que fuiste bruja en la vida pasada. (I suspect that you were a witch in your previous life.)Ya le ha olido lo que estamos haciendo. (She already suspects what we were doing.) The reflexive form also can be used to express suspicion: Me lo olà ­a yo desde el sbado. (Ive suspected it since Saturday.)Cuando se huele algo se evoca la memoria emocional. (When you suspect something it triggers the emotional memory.) Full Simple Conjugation of Oler Oler is conjugated regularly except that the o- of the stem changes to hue- when stressed. The irregular forms are shown below in boldface: Present indicative: yo huelo, tà º hueles, usted/à ©l/ella huele, nosotros/as olemos, vosotros/as olà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas huelen (I smell, you smell, you/he/she smell/smells, we smell, you smell, they smell) Imperfect indicative: yo olà ­a, tà º olà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella olà ­a, nosotros/as olà ­amos, vosotros/as olà ­as, ustedes/ellos/ellas olà ­an (I used to smell, you used to smell, etc.) Preterite indicative: yo olà ­, tà º oliste, usted/à ©l/ella olià ³, nosotros/as olimos, vosotros/as olà ­as, ustedes/ello/ellas olà ­an (I smelled, you smelled, etc.) Future indicative: yo olerà ©, tà º olers, usted/à ©l/ella oler, nosotros/as oleremos, vosotros/as olerà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas olern (I will smell, you will smell, etc.) Conditional: yo olerà ­a, tà º olerà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella olerà ­a, nosotros/as olerà ­amos, vosotros/as olerà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas olerà ­an (I would smell, you would smell, etc.) Present subjunctive: que yo huela, que tà º huelas, que usted/à ©l/ella huela, que nosotros/as olamos, que vosotros/as olis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas huelan (that I smell, that you smell, etc.) Imperfect subjunctive (more common form): que yo oliera, que tà º olieras, que usted/à ©l/ella oliera, que nosotros/as olià ©ramos, que vosotros/as olierais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas olieran (that I smelled, that you smelled, etc.) Imperfect subjunctive (less common form): que yo oliese, que tà º olieses, que usted/à ©l/ella oliese, que nosotros/as olià ©semos, que vosotros/as olieseis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas oliesen (that I smelled, that you smelled, etc.) Imperative: huele tà º, no huelas tà º, huela usted, olamos nosotros/as, oled vosotros/as, no olis vosotros/as, huelan ustedes (Smell! Dont smell! Lets smell! Smell! Dont smell! Smell!) Compound Conjugations of Oler Perfect forms of oler use the appropriate form of haber with the part participle, olido. For example, the first-person indicative perfect of oler is he olido (I have smelled). Progressive (or continuous) forms are formed with the present participle, oliendo, and the appropriate form of estar. For example, the first-person indicative present progressive form of oler is estoy oliendo (I am smelling). Both past and present participles are conjugated regularly. Key Takeaways The verb oler can refer to smelling something or to giving off an odor.The phrase oler a is the equivalent of the English phrases to smell of and to smell like.Most forms of oler are conjugated regularly, although the stem changes when stressed.

Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple - Research Paper Example The company was previously known as Apple Computers for 30 years and in 2007, it was renamed as Apple Inc. to reflect the intended expansion of Apple in the field of entertainment technology. Apple’s Innovation In a periodical it was stated about Apple, ‘†¦this is truly one of the most innovative companies on earth, one that has defied the odds and overcome amazing adversity.’ (DeMarzo) Apple has always provided its customers with unique products which are ahead of time because its engineers are product-oriented. They create even before the consumer realizes that he needs it. In this period of global recession when companies are laying off their employees and cutting back on its research, Apple is successfully moving forward through ‘...investing, inventing and innovating. In an interview Steve Jobs once pointed out, â€Å"Some very good product people invent some very good products, and the company achieves a monopoly. But after that, the product peop le aren't the ones that drive the company forward anymore. It's the marketing guys or the ones who expand the business†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He explains that engineers of the company initiate an upward move by creating products but it’s the responsibility of the marketing personnel to keep the show running. It’s not just innovation and product development that defines the success of a product but it is important to understand how it is delivered to the customer. Very often, new inventions are not acceptable to the customers because they are not accustomed to the new product. Apple doesn’t advertise to reach out to its first customers but use it to help their first customers reach out to the rest. Apple’s marketing is so consumer-oriented that people buy their products even before seeing it. This happens when people market products for the consumers. An example of this is 250000 iPhone sales on the first day prove the success of their marketing strategy. Apple is, without doubt, the most successful consumer electronics company but it focuses primarily on business-to-consumer market. In my opinion, Apple should partner with other companies and also focus on business-to-business market. Partnering with other companies would enable Apple to grow its business through joint initiatives. For example, recently Nokia has partnered with Microsoft which enables it to become a massive force in the Smartphone industry, the advantages are numerous, both companies can exploit each other’s best resources and get ahead of the competitors. If apple caters to business to business market, it would be a new horizon for the company to grow. There is a lot of potential in Business to business market as the firms are becoming more aware of creating and maintaining competitive edge through being agile towards new technology. These strategies will not only boost its profits but will also help them create more innovative products like they did when they partne red with Intel and HP. I believe that Apple has become a market leader of business-to-consumer market and now, it should also work towards becoming the market leader of business-to-business market. Industry Analysis: Above 100 million iPods have been sold already since 2006. On the contrary statistics show that game consoles sold in 2006 stood at 26 million, digital cameras at 94 million, mp3 players at 135 million with iPods commanding an 80% market share and PCS sold at 209 million. Mobile phones sold at 957 million.

Abortion controversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion controversy - Essay Example On the other hand, abortion that is recommended by the physician is usually meant to save the pregnant woman from the dangers she might be exposed to as a result of the pregnancy. In the philosophical perspective, abortion is evaluated on the moral status of the fetus. Despite the fetus having a moral right to life, it develops in the body of another person and therefore infringes the rights of that person to be free, especially in cases of pregnancy complications. Nevertheless, the fetus does not force itself in the womb. Rather, it develops through a conscious sexual act and therefore has a right to develop inside the body. These arguments generate controversy with regard to the right of a woman for self-determination. Some people support abortion on the basis of health and individual rights, others do not support on moral grounds and religion. In some countries such as the US, abortion is legal while in others especially in the Muslim society, it is illegal. Arguments for Abortion (Example US and UK) The US Supreme Court allowed abortion in 1973 on the bases that a woman has a right to self-determination. It is upon the discretion of the mother to decide whether to carry out an abortion or not. The American culture respects the rights of individuals as rational beings that are able to make rational decisions. For example, it is not considered to an abomination for a woman to terminate an unwanted pregnancy that hampers her productivity in the society (Austin 12). The Abortion Act of 1967 legalized abortion in the UK. It stated that if the abortion is recommended by a medical practitioner in good faith, then it is legal. Although amendments have been made to specify the gestation ceiling at which abortion can be procured, greater reference is made to the law developed in 1967. The UK culture has mixed opinions regarding abortion. However, pro-abortion has an upper hand and some abortion clinics even advertise on television and print media. Most of the familie s in the UK and the US are okay with abortion, and it is mostly left for the woman to decide whether to complete or terminate the pregnancy (Berglund 6). Arguments against Abortion (Example Iran) From a moral stand point, abortion is an unacceptable practice since it terminates the life of a fetus thereby denying it the right to live, considering that if allowed to grow it will develop in to a human being just like the mother and father. It is a practice that should be illegal in Iran where it is currently restricted by the law. In 2005, a bill was passed to legalize abortion on the basis of fetal abnormalities or if it endangers the life of the mother. The mother’s consent with the approval of three registered physicians is enough to secure approval by a legal medicine center. However, the law requires the legal abortion to be procured before 19 weeks of gestation (Mohammad & Masoumeh 191). Kant’s Deontology Theory Kant’s deontology theory portrays good will as a significant component of people’s actions. According to this theory, the reason why people act in a particular manner substantiates whether an individual’s action has moral worth. He observes that there is a notable distinction between actions that are morally right and morally wrong. According to this theory, abortion that is procured through good will is morally right. For example, morally good actions include a situation whereby a qualified physician recommends an abortion to protect the life of the mother (Strawson 27). On the other hand, a mother who procures an abortion to enable her to undertake greater tasks in the workplace or to look better is in pursuit of personal interests at the expense of the